Assam History, Geography, Polity Notes for ADRE 2026

Topic	Details
Article Name	Assam History, Geography, Polity Notes
Exam	ADRE Grade 3 & Grade 4
State	Assam
Category	Study Notes
Language	English
Suitable For	ADRE, Assam Police, APSC, TET, Assam Competitive Exams
Updated	2026

Why These Notes Are Important for ADRE?

The Assam General Knowledge section carries significant weight in the ADRE examination. Questions are generally straightforward but require factual knowledge.

These notes cover:

• Assam Ancient History
• Medieval History
• Modern History
• Geography of Assam
• Political System
• District-wise Facts
• Important National Parks
• Rivers
• Tribes
• Festivals
• Constitutional Facts

Assam History Notes for ADRE

Ancient Assam

Ancient Assam was known as Pragjyotisha.

Later it became famous as Kamarupa Kingdom.

Important Kings

• Pushyavarman
• Samudravarman
• Bhaskar Varman (Most Important)
• Ratnapala

Important Facts

• Bhaskar Varman was a close friend of Harshavardhana.
• Chinese traveller Xuanzang visited Assam during Bhaskar Varman’s reign.
• Pragjyotishpur is considered the ancient capital.

Medieval Assam

The Ahom Kingdom ruled Assam for nearly 600 years.

Founder of Ahom Kingdom

Sukaphaa

Arrival Year:

1228 AD

Important Ahom Kings

• Suhungmung
• Pratap Singha
• Rudra Singha
• Siva Singha
• Gadadhar Singha

Battle of Saraighat (Most Important)

• Year: 1671
• Commander of Ahom Army: Lachit Borphukan
• Opponent: Mughal Army
• Mughal Commander: Raja Ram Singh

Remember

Lachit Borphukan defeated the Mughal army and protected Assam from invasion.

This is one of the most frequently asked questions in Assam competitive examinations.

British Rule in Assam

Important Events

• Treaty of Yandabo – 1826
• British annexed Assam
• Tea cultivation started under British administration
• Assam became a separate Chief Commissioner’s Province in 1874

Freedom Movement in Assam

Important Personalities

• Gopinath Bordoloi
• Kanaklata Barua
• Kushal Konwar
• Tarun Ram Phukan
• Chandraprabha Saikiani

Assam Geography Notes

Location

• Region: North-East India
• Capital: Dispur
• Largest City: Guwahati

Total Area

Approximately

78,438 sq km

International Border

Assam shares an international border with

• Bhutan
• Bangladesh

Interstate Borders

• Arunachal Pradesh
• Nagaland
• Manipur
• Mizoram
• Meghalaya
• West Bengal

Important Rivers of Assam

• Brahmaputra
• Barak
• Subansiri
• Manas
• Dhansiri
• Jia Bharali
• Dibang
• Lohit

Longest River

Brahmaputra

National Parks of Assam

National Park	Famous For
Kaziranga National Park	One-horned Rhinoceros
Manas National Park	UNESCO World Heritage Site
Orang National Park	Rhino
Nameri National Park	Birds & Eco Tourism
Dibru-Saikhowa National Park	Feral Horses
Raimona National Park	Golden Langur
Dehing Patkai National Park	Rainforest

Wildlife Sanctuaries

Some important sanctuaries include:

• Pobitora
• Chakrashila
• Hollongapar Gibbon Sanctuary
• Laokhowa
• Sonai Rupai

Important Lakes

• Deepor Beel (Ramsar Site)
• Son Beel

Important Mountain Ranges

• Karbi Anglong Hills
• North Cachar Hills

Districts of Assam

As per the latest administrative setup, Assam has 35 districts.

Important districts for examination:

• Kamrup Metro
• Kamrup
• Dibrugarh
• Tinsukia
• Jorhat
• Sivasagar
• Dhemaji
• Lakhimpur
• Cachar
• Barpeta
• Goalpara
• Kokrajhar
• Nalbari

Assam Polity Notes

Capital

Dispur

Legislative Assembly

• Assam Legislative Assembly
• Total Seats: 126

Rajya Sabha Seats

7

Lok Sabha Seats

14

Official Language

• Assamese
• Bodo
• Bengali (Barak Valley)

Sixth Schedule Areas

The Sixth Schedule protects tribal autonomous areas.

Major Autonomous Councils:

• Bodoland Territorial Region (BTR)
• Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council
• Dima Hasao Autonomous Council

First Governor of Assam

Sir Muhammad Saleh Akbar Hydari

First Chief Minister

Gopinath Bordoloi

State Symbols of Assam

Symbol	Name
State Animal	One-horned Rhinoceros
State Bird	White-winged Wood Duck
State Tree	Hollong
State Flower	Foxtail Orchid

Important Dams

• Kopili Dam
• Karbi Langpi Dam
• Subansiri Lower Project (Important)

Important Festivals

• Rongali Bihu
• Bhogali Bihu
• Kongali Bihu
• Ambubachi Mela
• Ali-Ai-Ligang
• Baishagu

Important Tribes

• Bodo
• Mising
• Karbi
• Rabha
• Tiwa
• Deori
• Sonowal Kachari
• Dimasa

Important Temples

• Kamakhya Temple
• Umananda Temple
• Hayagriva Madhava Temple
• Navagraha Temple
• Mahabhairab Temple

Frequently Asked ADRE Questions

Who founded the Ahom Kingdom?

Answer: Sukaphaa (1228 AD)

Who led the Battle of Saraighat?

Answer: Lachit Borphukan

Ancient name of Assam?

Answer: Pragjyotisha

Capital of Assam?

Answer: Dispur

Largest river of Assam?

Answer: Brahmaputra

UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Assam?

Answer:

• Kaziranga National Park
• Manas National Park

Total Assembly Seats?

Answer: 126

State Animal?

Answer: One-horned Rhinoceros

State Bird?

Answer: White-winged Wood Duck

Preparation Tips for ADRE Assam GK

To score well in the Assam GK section:

• Revise Assam History daily, especially the Ahom dynasty and the Freedom Movement.
• Memorize important rivers, national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and districts.
• Practice questions related to the Assam Legislative Assembly, constitutional provisions, and state symbols.
• Follow current affairs related to Assam government schemes, awards, appointments, and major events.
• Solve previous year ADRE question papers and take weekly mock tests to improve speed and accuracy.

Conclusion

The Assam History, Geography, and Polity Notes for ADRE 2026 provide a strong foundation for one of the most scoring sections of the examination. By regularly revising these notes along with current affairs and previous year questions, candidates can significantly improve their performance in the Assam GK section.

Whether you are preparing for ADRE Grade 3, Grade 4, Assam Police, APSC, TET, or any other Assam government competitive exam, these notes will help you build conceptual clarity and boost your confidence before the exam.